‧台灣歷史學會
‧Taiwan News
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從地名考察台北市歷史
Using place names to look at Taipei's history
戴寶村／Tai Pao-Tsun
（中央大學歷史系教授）
（Professor, History Department, National Central University）
2001-09-17
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"Manka" is a word meaning "canoe" in one of the Pingpu
languages. This picture shows a covered arcade in a
street in Manka in the 1931.
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台北市是台灣最大的都市，也是國際著名都
市，快速的都市化改變了台北的舊貌，但從
一些地名可以看出台北的歷史發展軌跡，真
的是「一步一腳印，處處皆歷史」。
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Taipei is Taiwan's largest city, and an internationally
famous one. Its rapid transformation into a metropolis
changed the old face of Taipei, but inspection of some of
its place names can show us the developing trajectory of
Taipei's history. It's really true that for each step we
take, we uncover a piece of history.
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平埔族與西、荷殖民者的詮釋方式
台北盆地原先是一般通稱凱達格蘭平埔族原
住民居住、生活之地，平埔族和漢人長期接
觸後已喪失其族群與文化特質，但仍留下一
些常見的地名，如「大屯山」源自平埔族的
社名，荷蘭時代寫作Touckenan，「北投」
原來拼音字為Kipatauw是「女巫」的意思，
士林地區舊名「八芝蘭」意思是溫泉，松山
舊名錫口，內湖地區的「塔悠」荷語拼音為
Cattajo，是指婦女的頭飾，「大龍峒」原
名「大浪泵」和「秀朗」都是平埔族的社名
，「艋舺」是指獨木舟，「社子」是漢人指
稱平埔族的部落所在。
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Explanatory notes on the Pingpu tribes and Spanish and Dutch
colonists
The Taipei basin was once generally known as the home of the
Ketagalan people, one of the Pingpu tribes. After a long
period of contact between the Pingpu and Han peoples, the
Pingpu people lost external signs of their ethnicity and
culture, but they did retain some commonly-seen place names,
such as "Tatun Mountain," a name which derives from a Pingpu
placename, and which was written as "Touckenan" in the Dutch
era. "Peitou" was originally spelt "Kipatauw," meaning
"witch," and the old name for the Shihlin district was
"Pattsiran," which meant "hot springs." The old name for
Sungshan was "Tsigauantsigau." The Neihu district was
known as "Tayou," or, as the Dutch wrote it, "Cattajo,"
indicatinga woman's head ornament. Talungtong was
originally called "Pourompon" and "Sirongh," both of
which are names of Pingpusocieties. "Manka" means
"canoe" , "Shetzu" was the Han people's name for a
place where the Pingpu peoples lived.
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西班牙人在1571年東來取得菲律賓作為殖民
地，1626年佔領北台灣，據說東北角的「三
貂角」與San Diago有關，1628年在淡水河
口山丘建聖多明哥（St. Domingo）城，附
近的「關渡」一般台語稱「甘豆」，有一說
是來自西班牙文Casidor（岬角）的意思。
淡水捷運線有一站名「唭哩岸」，荷語拼音
為Kirananna，起源自西班牙人將菲律賓群
島的一海灣Bahia-Irigan的名稱移用而來。
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In 1571, The Spanish came east and took the Philippines
as a colony. In 1626, they captured Taiwan, and it is
said that San Tiao Chiao, the name of the northeast tip
of Taiwan, comes from the name the Spanish gave this place,
San Diago. In 1628, the Spanish built the fort of San
Domingo in the hills at the mouth of the Tamshui River,
and Kuandu, called "Gamdau" (lit. "sweet bean") in Taiwanese,
is, according to one version, taken from the Spanish
"casidor" (meaning "cape"). There is a station on the
Tamshui MRT line called "Chili An", a place name which
was spelt "Kirananna" by the Dutch. Thename's origins
derive from a bay in the Philippines which the Spanish
called "Bahia-Irigan."
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清代墾荒者的足跡
1683年清帝國領有台灣後，福建、廣東地區
漢人大量渡海來台，1709年「陳賴章」墾號
（開墾組織）開拓台北盆地，村莊陸續形成
，於是有「新莊」、「舊莊」（在南港）的
聚落名稱，如果是同姓聚居之地，便有「朱
厝崙」（長安東路附近）的地名。盆地周邊
具有地形特徵的山丘出現如「圓山」、「蟾
蜍山」、「觀音山」、「五指山」、「七星
山」等的地名，地形比較平坦的地區稱作「
埔」，如「內埔」、「五分埔」，有突起之
地稱為「中崙」，溪流則有「雙溪」、「磺
溪」、「新店溪」等。表示聚落位置的地名
有「南港」、「內湖」、「溪口」、「林口
」、「坪頂」等。而在開拓初期有些動植物
也會用作地名如「山豬窟」、「鹿窟」，是
指有低漥水池山豬和鹿常出沒之地，台灣過
去樟樹甚多，南港附近有「樟樹灣」的地名
。
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Footprints left by pioneers from the Qing Dynasty
In 1683, after the Qing empire took Taiwan, Han people
from Fujian and Guangdong began to cross the sea to
Taiwan in large numbers. In 1709, the Chen Lai-chang
Development Company opened up and developed the Taipei
Basin, and villages grew up one after another, so we
have the names "Hsin Chuang" ("new village") and "Chiu
Chuang" ("old village," this is a place name in Nankang)
as names of settlements. If these places were communities
where inhabitants shared a common family name, then we have
the place name "Chu Tsuo Lun" (near to Chang An East Road).
Around the Taipei Basin are hills and mountains with
topographical characteristics such as "Yuanshan" ("round
mountain"), "Chanchu Shan" ("toad mountain"), "Kuanyin
Shan" ("Goddess of Mercy mountain"), "Wuchih Shan" ("five
fingers mountain") and "Chi Hsing Shan" ("seven stars
mountain"). In areas where the topography is flatter, we
see "pu" ("plain") appearing in place names, such as
"Neipu" ("inner plain") and "Wufenpu." Where the land
rises up, we have "Chung Lun" ("center mountain"). Where
streams and rivers flow, we have "Shuanghsi" ("twin
streams"), "Huanghsi" ("sulphur stream"), "Hsintienhsi"
("Hsintien stream"), etc. Names which show the position
of settlements include "Nankang" ("south harbor"), "Neihu"
("inner lake"), "Linkou" ("entrance to the woods") and
"Pingting" ("top of the level ground"). Back when land
development was beginning, certain animals and plants
were also used in place names, such as "Shanchu Ku"
("mountain boar's den") and "Lu Ku" ("deer's den").
These names indicate low-lying lakes haunted by mountain
boar and deer. In the past, Taiwan had many camphor trees,
and in there is a place near to Nankang called "Changshu
Wan" ("camphor tree bay").
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漢人在拓墾台北時留下很多與農業相關的地
名，如數人合作開墾便有「五股」、「十八
份」（在北投）的地名，水田稻作需要建設
水利灌溉設施，因此有「(王留)公圳」、「
永春埤」、「大安埤」。土地開墾後要計算
面積，沿用荷蘭時代的「甲」（acre），過
去一隻耕牛能耕作的面積約五甲地，所以有
「三張犁」、「六張犁」、「七張犁」、「
十二張犁」的名稱，要曬乾收成稻穀的地點
叫「大稻埕」，有設商店營業之地稱「新店
」，地主收租辦公之處叫「公館」。
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Han people have left behind them many place names connected
with agriculture from the days when they were developing
Taipei. For instance, a number of people cooperated to
develop the land, and left the names "Wuku" ("five shares")
and "Shipafen" ("eighteen portions," a place in Peitou).
Paddy fields necessitated the construction of irrigation
systems, and so we have the names "Liukungchun" ("Liu
public irrigation ditch), "Yungchunpei" ("eternal spring
irrigation ditch") and "TaAnPei" ("great peace irrigation
ditch"). After the land was developed, people had to
calculate the area of the land, and they continued to
use the "jia" (roughly, acre) from the Dutch era as a
unit of measurement. In the past, the area of land an
ox could plow was around five jia, and so we have the
place names "Sanchang Li" ("three areas to plow"),
"Liuchang Li" ("six areas to plow"), "Chichang Li" ("seven
areas to plow") and "Shiherhchang Li" ("twelve areas to
plow"). The place where harvested rice was put out to dry
was called "Tataocheng" ("big plaza for rice"), and the
place designed for shops and firms to run their businesses
was called "Hsintien" ("new shop"). The place where
landlords collected rent and had their offices was called
"Kungkuan" ("villas" owned by these rich landlords, where
they would collect the rent).
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漢人開拓過程中會與原住民發生衝突，因此
設置防禦措施以保安全，栽種竹子成為圍籬
以防外人侵入就是「竹圍」，若用木材構築
成柵欄則稱「木柵」，若構築土牆就稱「土
城」，新店溪流域還有「頂城」、「二城」
帶有順序意義的地名。清帝國政府鑑於漢人
與原住民常滋生衝突，於是在分界處設置石
碑，約束漢人不得越界侵墾，妨礙平埔族生
計，「石牌」現尚存在，並移置於捷運站展
示，作為歷史的見證。
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In the process of developing and exploiting the land,
clashes occurred between Han people and Aboriginal people,
and so bamboo hedges were planted as defense measures to
keep those inside safe and prevent outsiders from invading.
One such place was called "Chuwei" ("bamboo surroundings").
If wood was used to build fencing, then it was called
"Mucha" ("wooden fence"), if earthen ramparts served the
same purpose they were called "Tucheng" ("earthen city
wall"). In the Hsintien Creek basin, there still exist
place names that show the order of these fortifications:
"Tingcheng" ("top city wall") and "Erhcheng" ("second
city wall"). In view of the frequent clashes between Han
and Aboriginal peoples, the Qing government installed
stone markers on the boundaries, restraining the Han
people from developing any land beyond the boundaries,
which might jeopardize the Pingpu people's livelihoods.
The original "Shihpai" ("stone marker") still exists, and
has been put on display at Shihpai MRT station, where it
stands as a witness to history.
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Taipei's development as a metropolis started in the
three city areas of Manka, Tataocheng and Chengnei,
and gradually extended eastwards to make up the city
we see today. This picture shows Tataocheng's
Chienchiu Street in 1958 (today South Kueiteh Street).
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1882年至1884年台北建城，今忠孝西路、中
華路、愛國西路、中山南路所圈起的範圍就
是所謂的「城內」，承恩門外之地就是「北
門口」，台北市的都市發展就是以艋舺、大
稻埕、城內三個市街中心逐漸連接再向東延
伸擴大形成今日之風貌。
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The city of Taipei was established between 1882 to 1884,
and the area bordered by today's Chunghsiao West Road,
Chunghua Road, Aikuo West Road, Chungshan South road was
what was known as the "Chengnei" ("inner city"). The land
outside the Cheng'en Gate is the "Peimenkou" ("north
entrance"). Taipei's development as a big city started
from the three city areas of Manka, Tataocheng and
Chengnei, and gradually extended eastwards to make up the
city we see today.
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Many modern, public buildings were constructed during
the Japanese colonial period, establishing the
foundations of Taipei as a modern city.
Union Hall (today's Chungshan Hall)
Taihoku Prefecture Hall (today's Control Yuan)
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日本殖民時代的遺痕
1895年日本領有台灣之後，台北延續先前清
代省城的地位，成為殖民統治的行政中心，
日本人拆除城牆，建設甚多現代公共建築，
如總督府、法院、總督官邸、專賣局、公會
堂、銀行、車站、新公園、博物館、醫院、
學校等，奠定台北現代都市基礎。日本人在
1920年代更改很多台灣的地名，台北地區如
將「水返腳」改為「汐止」，「錫口」改為
「松山」，「艋舺」改為「萬華」等，也有
日式的街區名，如「樺山町」（紀念首任總
督）、「馬場町」、「日新町」，其中的「
西門町」一直沿用至今。
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Vestiges of the Japanese colonial era
After Japan took possession of Taiwan in 1895, Taipei
continued to be the provincial capital it had been under
the Qing, and became the administrative center of colonial
rule. The Japanese tore down the city walls, and build a
great many contemporary public buildings, such as the
Governor's Office (Japanese:Sotofuku), law courts, the
official residence of the Taiwan Governor, the Monopoly
Bureau, Union Hall (today's Chungshan Hall), banks,
railway stations, new parks, museums, hospitals, schools
and more, establishing the foundations for Taipei as a
modern city. In the 1920s, the Japanese changed many of
Taiwan's place names. Places in the Taipei region such as
Shuifanjiao, which became "Shiosi," the Japanese
pronunciation of today's Hsichih. Hsikou became "Matsuyama"
(Mandarin pronunciation:Sungshan), Manka became "Banka"
(Mandarin pronunciation:Wanhua), etc. Urban street blocks
were also named in the Japanese style, giving us "Kabayama
Machi" ("Huashanting", commemorating the first Japanese
governor of Taiwan, Motonori Kabayama), "Umaba Machi"
("Machangting"), "Nishin Machi" ("Jihshinting"), and one
which we still have today, "Seimon Machi" (Hsimenting).
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中華民國政府的政治教條意味遍及大街小巷
1945年中華民國政府接收台灣之後，先廢除
帶有日本色彩的地名，1949年中央政府遷台
後，大肆更改或新命台灣的地名、街路名，
台北市尤其顯著，這些街路名有以下原則，
一、中國省市名稱：台北市化成中國大陸的
縮影，如迪化街、哈密街、蘭州街、庫倫街
、成都路、西寧南北路、長沙街、西藏路、
康定路、桂林路、汀州路、廈門街、福州街
、溫州街、鎮江街、北平路、天津街、南京
東西路、龍江街、撫遠街，這些都是表示懷
念固有國土之意；二、表現光復國土之意：
如光復南北路、復興南北路、建國南北路、
成功路等；三、傳播政治理念：如辛亥路、
莒光路、三民路、民族、民權、民生東西路
、莊敬路、自強路、愛國東西路等；四、倫
理道德價值觀：如四維路、八德路、忠孝東
西路、仁愛路、信義路、和平東西路、敦化
南北路、安和路、樂利路、康寧路、忠誠路
、德行東西路、行義路、知行路、仰德路、
實踐街等；五、政治人物的街路名：如延平
南北路、中正路、中山南北路、逸仙路、林
森路、雨農路、羅斯福路等；以上這些地名
純粹是政治意識下的產物，與歷史發展過程
中自然生成演變的地名相去甚遠，難以讓民
眾對該地名、街路名產生親近的互動關係，
只有作為地址識別用途而已。
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The R.O.C. government's political doctrines cover big
streets and little alleys
After the Nationalist Government took over Taiwan in 1945,
the first thing they did was to get rid of place names
which were too Japanese. In 1949, after the central
government moved to Taiwan, it vigorously changed or
reordered Taiwan's place names and street names,
particularly in Taipei, along the following principles:
1. Names of Chinese provinces or cities. Taipei City became
mainland China in miniature, hence Tihua Street, Hami
Street, Lanchou Street, Kulung Street, Chengtu Road,
Hsinning Road, Changsha Street, Hsitsang (Tibet) Road,
Kangting Road, Kuilin Road, Tingchow Road, Hsiamen Street,
Fuchou Street, Wenchow Street, Chenchiang Street, Peiping
(Beijing) Road, Tientsin Road, Nanking East and West Roads,
Lungchiang Street, Fuyuen Street:all these display a
longing for China. 2. Names which have the meaning of a
country restored to its owner: Kuangfu North and South
Roads (lit. "retrocession"), Fuhsing North and South Roads
(lit. "renaissance", "rebirth"), Chienkuo North and South
Roads (lit. "build the country"), Chengkung Road (lit.
"success"), etc. 3. Names broadcasting political ideas,
such as Hsinhai Road ("Hsinhai" is 1911 in the lunar
calendar, the year of Sun Yat-sen's revolution overthrowing
the Qing), Chukuang Road (Chu was a state in ancient China,
"chukuang" means the light, or glory, of Chu), Sanmin Road
(Sun Yat-sen's "three [principles of the] people"), namely
Mintsu, Minchuan and Minsheng (nationalism, democracy and
livelihood). Also Chuangching Road ("dignity"), Tzuchiang
Road ("self-strengthening") and Aikuo East and West Roads
("love the country"). 4. Ethical and moral values: Siwei
Road ("four virtues"), Pateh Road ("eight virtues"),
Chunghsiao East and West Roads ("loyalty and filial
piety"), Jenai Road ("benevolent love"), Hsinyi Road
("trust and appropriate behavior"), Hoping East and
West Roads ("peace"), Tunhua North and South Roads
("education through acculturation"), Anho Road ("peace"),
Loli Road ("enjoy gain" -gain for the country, not the
individual, of course), Kangning Road ("health and
tranquillity"), Chungcheng Road ("loyalty"), Tehsing East
and West Roads ("virtuous conduct"), Hsingyi Road
("appropriate conduct"), Chihsing Road ("knowledge [is
hard but] action [ is easy]"), Yangteh Road ("pursue
virtue") and Shichien Road ("praxis"). 5. Roads and
streets named after political figures, such as Yenping
North and South Roads (Yenping is one of Koxinga's
names), Chungcheng Road (for Chiang Kai-shek, one of
whose names is Chiang Chung-cheng), Chungshan North
and South Roads (for Sun Yat-sen, one of whose names
is Sun Chung-shan) and Yi-hsien Road (the Mandarin
pronunciation of "Yat-sen"), Linsen Road (for Lin Sen,
president of China, 1932-43), Yunung Road (for General
Tai Yu-nung, former head of the secret police), Roosevelt
Road (for President Franklin Delano Roosevelt), etc.
These place names are the outcome of a purely political
consciousness, far removed from those names which came
about as a natural result of the historical development
process, and it's hard for the public to feel a close
relationship with these names. They are used purely for
the purpose of identifying an address.
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瞭解一個都市的歷史可以從歷史的遺址、史
蹟、建築物、圖像、文字紀錄、口傳的故事
或傳說等各種媒介途徑，而從自己居住的場
所、工作、求學、休閒的地方的地名也可了
解當地的部分歷史，舉足行止之地都有歷史
，歷史的趣味與知識自然會累積為個人的人
文涵養。
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We can look to historical remains, footprints, buildings,
maps, written records, orally transmitted stories and
legends to understand a city's history, and from the names
of the places we go to meet, work, study and enjoy
ourselves, we can also learn about local history. All
places of action have a history, and an interest in and
knowledge of history naturally build up a person's
humanity and tolerance.
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Edited by Tina Lee/ translated by Elizabeth Hoile
李美儀編輯／何麗薩翻譯
〔TOP〕
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